sensory
Retina / vision
Retinal and visual papers — short peptides written for the retina and the visual pathway.
This chapter is the retina and the visual pathway as named tissues. The Khavinson literature includes retinal extracts and short peptides designed after retinal tissue. Papers file here when the eye — specifically the retina, not a marketing category called “vision” — is the organ of record.
Peptide themes that belong on this hub are retinal extracts and short-chain analogs from that line (Retinalamin is a name you will meet; others will appear as studies are added). Typical subjects are retinal cultures, animal models of retinal injury, and clinical communications that take the retina as the target tissue. Cortical papers that mention sight only as a cognitive task belong under Brain / cognition.
Read the linked studies for the model and the size of the claim. Follow the PMID. This hub does not replace an ophthalmologist, and a citation is not a treatment for eye disease.
Studies
- The Antioxidant Tetrapeptide Epitalon Enhances Delayed Wound Healing in an in Vitro Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.
In high-glucose-injured ARPE-19 cells, Epitalon restored delayed wound closure and limited EMT and fibrosis markers — an in-vitro diabetic-retinopathy model, not a patient trial.
- Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa.
Combined Campbell-rat and human report on Epitalon in pigmentary retinal degeneration; the authors claim a positive clinical effect in 90% of treated patients — a 2002 communication, not a modern multicenter RCT.
- Effectiveness of bio-regulators in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
A 2001 comparative series (104 patients on Retinalamin, Epithalamin, and Cortexin vs 42 controls) reporting improved acuity, fundus picture, and retinal blood flow in diabetic retinopathy — not a modern masked RCT.