systemic
General aging
Whole-organism aging, reviews, and papers that do not belong to a single organ chapter.
This chapter is the overflow that is still on-mission: whole-organism aging, multi-organ reviews, and gerontology papers in the Khavinson lineage that cannot honestly live under one tissue. If a study is truly pineal, thymic, or vascular, it belongs on that hub. If it is a survey of several organs, or a lifespan communication that never names a single tissue as primary, it belongs here.
Peptide themes that belong on this hub are cross-cutting: reviews of short peptide bioregulators, gerontology overviews, and papers that treat the organism rather than one extract. Do not use this shelf as a dumping ground for off-mission compounds. BPC-157, TB-500, KPV, and GLP-1 papers stay off the site.
Read linked studies as maps of a literature, not as proof that “aging” is a single treatable organ. Note whether you are looking at a review, an animal lifespan paper, or a laboratory communication. Follow the PMID. Public pages cite PubMed only.
Studies
- Feasibility of Transport of 26 Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides via LAT and PEPT Family Transporters.
Open-access in-silico docking of 26 ultrashort peptides, including KEDG, into LAT1, LAT2, and PEPT1 — computational transport feasibility only, not cellular uptake data and not a fertility study.
- Transport of Biologically Active Ultrashort Peptides Using POT and LAT Carriers.
An open-access IJMS review using molecular modeling to argue that POT and LAT carriers can move ultrashort di- and tripeptides into tissue cells — a transport hypothesis, not a clinical trial.
- Peptide Regulation of Gene Expression: A Systematic Review.
An open-access 2021 systematic review arguing that short peptides can regulate gene expression via DNA, histone, and methylation contacts — a literature synthesis, not a clinical trial.
- Short Peptides Protect Oral Stem Cells from Ageing
In late-passage human periodontal-ligament and gingival mesenchymal stem cells, AEDG and KED lowered p16 and p21 mRNA and immunofluorescence relative to untreated passage-25 controls.
- Systematic search for structural motifs of peptide binding to double-stranded DNA.
An open-access 2019 NAR docking and MD survey of all 400 dipeptides against dsDNA tetranucleotides, with an EMSA check that KE (Vilon) and DR shift a labelled duplex — most dipeptides did not bind.
- Short Peptides Regulate Gene Expression.
Docking models for 19 short peptides against DNA; some peptides share sites (KE and EDP to agat; KEDW and AED to acct; AEDL and EDL to ctcc) — computational complexes, not wet-lab proof of transcription control.
- Peptide bioregulators: the new class of geroprotectors. Message 2. Clinical studies results.
A 2013 Advances in Gerontology review of the authors’ clinical experience with thymic, pineal, prostate, cortex, and retinal peptide bioregulators as geroprotectors — a summary of prior studies, not a new trial.
- Interaction of short peptides with FITC-labeled wheat histones and their complexes with deoxyribooligonucleotides.
Fluorescence quenching suggested Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly, Glu-Asp-Arg, Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu, Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly, Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg, and Lys-Glu-Asp-Trp bind wheat histones H1, H2B, H3, and H4 in a histone- and sequence-dependent way — histone biochemistry, not a trial.
- Short cell-penetrating peptides: a model of interactions with gene promoter sites.
Molecular-mechanics modeling of Lys-Glu and Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly against promoter motifs GCAG and ATTTC in CD5, IL-2, MMP2, and Tram1 — a three-dimensional docking model, not a cell binding assay.
- Epigenetic aspects of peptide regulation of aging.
A 2012 hypothesis that endogenous short peptides bind complementary DNA sequences, ease strand separation, and protect demethylated sites from endonucleases as the genome loses methylation with age — a model, not a trial.
- Penetration of short fluorescence-labeled peptides into the nucleus in HeLa cells and in vitro specific interaction of the peptides with deoxyribooligonucleotides and DNA.
FITC-labeled AEDG, EDR, and KEDG entered HeLa cytoplasm, nuclei, and nucleoli, and fluorescence quenching suggested sequence- and methylation-sensitive DNA contacts — molecular work, not a fertility trial of Testagen (KEDG).
- Site-specific binding of short peptides with DNA modulated eukaryotic endonuclease activity.
Short peptides of 2–4 residues were reported to inhibit or stimulate wheat endonuclease hydrolysis of λ phage DNA depending on methylation status — peptide–DNA biochemistry, not a clinical study.
- Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects.
A 2010 field-map review of peptide bioregulators in rodent lifespan, aging biomarkers, and tumorigenesis, plus a brief account of 6–12-year clinical use — not a new trial.
- Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice.
In 54 female SHR mice per arm, monthly Epitalon did not change mean lifespan or total tumor incidence; the authors report longer maximum lifespan, fewer chromosome aberrations, and less leukemia.
- Effects of Livagen peptide on chromatin activation in lymphocytes from old people.
In cultured lymphocytes from elderly donors, Livagen was reported to activate ribosomal genes and decondense heterochromatin — a cytogenetic culture paper, not a clinical trial.
- Peptides and Ageing.
A 2002 Neuroendocrinology Letters monograph stating the peptide theory of ageing and surveying Epithalamin, Thymalin, and Epitalon across animals and cited clinical use — not a new trial.
- Tissue-specific effects of peptides.
In rat organotypic explants, Cortagen, Epithalon, Livagen, and Vilon stimulated growth of cortex, subcortical structures, liver, and thymus respectively — tissue-matched explant cultures, not a human trial.
- Tissue-specific nucleoprotein complexes.
Native nucleoprotein complexes isolated from cattle cerebral cortex, thymus, and liver were fractionated chromatographically and reported as tissue-specific, not species-specific — isolation chemistry, not a trial.
- Role of cellular mediators (cytomedins) in regulating genetic activity.
A 1985 Russian-language paper by Morozov and Khavinson proposing that tissue peptide mediators (cytomedins) regulate genetic activity — founding conception of the lineage; PubMed records no English abstract text.